Sol White’s professional baseball career started in the 1880s when he broke in as a player. For much of the rest of his life White remained in the game as a manager, executive, and writer.
White authored the first definitive history of black baseball in 1907. In History of Colored Base Ball he outlined Cap Anson’s role in erecting the color barrier. He specifically singles Anson out in a chapter called The Color Line White.
“The color line had been agitated for by A. C. Anson, Captain of the Chicago National League team for years. Were it not for this same man Anson, there would have been a colored player in the National League in 1887.
“John M. Ward, of the New York Club, was anxious to secure Geo. Stovey and arrangements were about completed for his transfer from the Newark club, when a howl was heard from Chicago to New York. “This same Anson with all the venom of a hate which would be worthy of a (Benjamin) Tillman or a (James) Vardaman of the present day made strenuous and fruitful opposition to any proposition looking to the admittance of a colored man into the National League.
“Just why Adrian C. Anson, manager of the Chicago National League club, was so strongly opposed to colored players on white teams cannot be explained. His repugnant feeling, shown at every opportunity, toward colored ball players was a source of comment throughout every league in the country, and his opposition, with his great popularity and power in base ball circles, hastened the exclusion of the black man from the white leagues.”
That White compares Anson to James Vardaman is particularly telling – and alarming. As Mississippi Governor, Vardaman was a leading racist of his time.
According to PBS.org and other sources, Vardaman said that African Americans were, “lazy, lying, lustful animal[s], which no amount of training can transform into a tolerable citizen.”
He didn’t stop there. Vardaman felt a need to protect his state against the people he viewed with such disdain. “…if it is necessary every Negro in the state will be lynched; it will be done to maintain white supremacy.” White equates Anson’s hate with that of Vardaman.
Sol White was elected to the Hall of Fame in 2006.
An avowed racist, Anson was one of baseball’s early superstars. Upon retirement as a player in 1897, he served as city clerk of Chicago from 1905-1907. It is in this capacity that baseball’s first member of the 3,000 hit club signs this document granting permission of a company to erect and maintain a tunnel and a bridge.
The signature is likely a non-malicious secretarial example.